How does changing lifestyle contribute to infertility?

Lifestyle changes are a huge contributor. Since the 1990s, there has been rapid urbanisation, more sedentary habits, and a shift toward diets high in processed food. Obesity has become more common, and it is a known disruptor of hormones that regulate reproduction—for both men and women. Add to that smoking, alcohol, and stress from fast-paced lives, and it is a recipe for fertility issues. For men, these habits can lower sperm count and motility, while for women, it can lead to conditions like polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), which is increasingly common and a major cause of infertility. Pollution, exposure to chemicals, and infections are significant factors contributing to infertility. Specifically, exposure to substances like those found in plastics and pesticides can disrupt hormones crucial for conception. Stress and sleep deprivation are other factors contributing to infertility. Also, untreated sexually transmitted or pelvic infections, often stemming from poor menstrual hygiene or unsafe abortions, can damage reproductive organs, particularly the fallopian tubes, leading to secondary infertility. Non-communicable diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, and thyroid disorders, partly influenced by lifestyle shifts, can affect ovulation, sperm production, and the ability to carry a pregnancy to term.

How should the issue of infertility be tackled?

Maintaining a healthy weight and balanced diet, engaging in regular physical activity, practising stress-reducing techniques, such as yoga or meditation, adequate sleep, avoiding smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and substance abuse can help. By adopting a healthier lifestyle, individuals can reduce their risk of infertility and improve their overall reproductive well-being.

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